Plaque in a thin, colorless, sticky bacterial growth, or biofilm.  It accumulates at the gum line and between the teeth and gums.  The bacteria thrive on food particles, especially sugar.  The bacteria grow rapidly,  releasing toxins which irritate the gums. 

If plaque is not removed daily with brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar, or calculus, by attracting minerals from saliva.  More plaque forms on top of the calculus, and perpetuates the problem.  The gums, by now red, swollen and bleeding when brushed, pull away from the root of the tooth.  This allows the bacteria to grow down to the root of the tooth.  As the problem progresses, the deepening pockets between the tooth and the gum begin to collect food particles.  By now, bacteria can grow undisturbed because you can no longer reach this area with a toothbrush. 

Eventually, the tissue and the bone holding the tooth in place are destroyed, exposing the roots.  The tooth has lost its bone support, becomes loose, and eventually falls out.

Daily brushing and flossing can keep plaque to a minimum.  But even the most diligent brusher can miss a few spots, and calculus can build up.  Visit your dental office to have the calculus removed by the dental hygienist.   If the situation has deteriorated severely, periodontal therapy may be recommended.

So see your dentist!  Keep your smile beautiful and functional!

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